router cont....
We can use hypertrm command to access the hyper terminal.
Privileged mode commands.
1. Show History
a. it is used to see the previous 10 commands being used over the router till router powered up to privileged mode.
2. show terminal
a. It is used to see the size of history.
3. terminal history size 20
a. This command is used to change the size of history.
4. show version
a. it is used to see
i. version of router’s IOS (Internetworking Operating System)
ii. Size of RAM, NV RAM and flash memory
iii. Number and type of interfaces.
iv. Configuration registered value.
5. show interfaces
a. it is used to see
i. name of the interface
ii. status of the interface
iii. IP of the interface
iv. MAC address of the interface
v. M.T.U. i.e. 1500 bytes (Maximum Transmission Units)
vi. Receiving load Rx load
vii. Transmission load Tx load
viii. Reliability
ix. Load
x. Delay
xi. Encryption type
NOTES
By default encapsulation over the router’s Ethernet port is ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) and over the serial port is HDLC (High Level Data Link Control)
6. show interface interface name
a. It is used to see the above specified detailed information relating to any specific interface.
7. show startup-config
a. This command is used to see the startup configuration of router.
b. It will view
i. The IP assigned to interface
ii. Enable password
iii. The password of lines
8. erase startup-config
a. this command is used to erase the startup configuration.
9. show running-config
a. It is used to see the last changed but not saved configuration i.e. running configuration.
10. show IP interface brief
a. This command is used to view layer three related information. It will view info about interfaces like name IP address, working, line protocol, port status.
11. show protocols
a. This command is used to view the detailed information of routing protocol.
12. show ip protocols
a. this command is used to view the information about the configure routing protocol
13. show IP route
a. This command is used to view the routing table.
14. show arp
a. This command is used to see the Ethernet interface.
15. clear arp
a. This command is used to clear the arp table.
16. show hosts
a. This command is used to see the host entry in the host table.
17. ip host ip address hostname
a. This command is used to make a host entry into the host table.
18. copy running-config startup-config
a. This command is used to save the running configuration to startup configuration in other word we can save the running configuration as the startup configuration.
b. There is another way to save the running configuration as
i. Write running-config startup-config
ii. Write
19. copy startup-config running-comfit
a. This command is used to recover the password.
Global configuration mode command.
20. hostname <name>
a. This command is used to assign the hostname to the route. If the name is not set then by default it is router.
21. config-register
a. This command is used to change the value of router’s config register.
b. Interface configuration mode abc (config-if)#
22. IP address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
a. This command is used to assign IP address.
23. no shutdown
a. This command is used to up the port or interface.
24. shutdown
a. this command is used to down the interface or port
25. line configuration mode
a. abc(config-line)#
b. password
c. login
26. global mode (how to set the password)
a. router (config)# enable password abc
i. to create plain enable password for privileged mode
b. router (config)# enable secret abcd
i. To create enable secret password. I.e. in encrypted form.
Privileged mode commands
27. show IP interface
a. This command is used to see the layer three related information regarding all the interfaces.
28. show IP interface brief
a. This command is used to see the brief layer three information which includes
i. Name of the interface
ii. Status of the interface
iii. State of the interface
iv. IP address of interface
29. show startup-config
a. This command is used to see the startup configuration or saved configuration of your router.
30. show running-config (run)
a. This command is used to see the running configuration i.e. the configuration which is used to run the router but it is not saved in the NVRAM.
31. show controller <serial interface name)
a. It is used to see weather the serial cable slot attached to your router is either D.T.E. or D.C.E.
32. reload
a. It is used to restart the router.
33. copy run start
a. This command is used to save the running configuration into startup configuration. Or to permanently save router configuration.
34. copy start run
a. this command is used to save the startup configuration into your running configuration.
Line configuration mode
35. password
a. This command is used to set password over the specific line.
36. login
a. it is used to activate a line for access by the user.
Global configuration mode
37. hostname
a. it is used to change or set the name of the router.
38. enable password
a. it is used to set or change the router simple enable password.
39. service password-encryption
a. this command is used to encrypt all the password of your router.
b. Once encrypted these password can never be get decrypted.
40. enable secret
a. this command is used to change or set the secret password. This password is like the simple password but it is in the encrypted form.
Interface configuration mode
41. IP address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
a. This command is used to change or set the IP address of any specific interface
42. no shutdown
a. this command is used to manually change the status of an interface from down to up.
43. shutdown
a. this command is used to manually change the status of an interface from up to down.
44. clock rate 64000
a. this command is used to set the clock rate over the serial interface where DCE cable is attached. (we can use the command show controller to see the DCE end.)
45. description
a. this command is used to set description over any interface of a router.
Notes
When a password is set as enable password this password is over the privileged mode. I.e. if you want to enter in the privileged mode then you must have this password.
When a password is set over the console wire then this password is entered to enter in the user execution password.
Commands are
· Line console 0
· Password (password name)
· Login
46. show flash
a. This command is used to see the content of the flash.
47. show clock
a. this command is used to see the router clock.
Password
To make a password on the console line we can write a command as
Line console 0
Password (password)
Login
We can make a password on the privileged mode by enable command as enable password or enable secret
Troubleshooting
Configuration register
It is a hexadecimal value that specifies the router from where to load the IOS.
0x2100
Ø This value specifies the router to load the IOS form the flash into the RAM.
Ø It will break the booting sequence of the router.
Ø Router will go into the rommon (ROM MONITOR) mode.
Ø This mode is used to troubleshooting, maintenance and repair of the router
Ø The commands used in this mode are different from the router normal mode.
Ø In 2500 series only > sign mean that we are in the rommon mode.
Ø In 2600, 3600, 1700 rommon > is appear when we enter into the rommon mode.
Ø To enter into rommon mode we can use the key combination as ctrl + break.
0x2101
Ø This value specifies the router to not load the IOS from flash to RAM.
Ø This value specify the router to boot from mini IOS which is present in the ROM.
Ø In case of 2500 the command prompt is as router(boot)>
Ø In case of 2600,3600,1700 the command prompt is as router>
0x2102
Ø This is the default value for each router
Ø This value specifies the router to load IOS from the flash to RAM and then load the startup configuration (saved configuration) from the NVRAM.
Ø The command prompt in this mode is router>
0x2142
Ø This value specifies the router to load the IOS from flash to RAM.
Ø This value specifies the router to bypass the startup configuration.
Ø This mode is used to password breakup while saving the configuration.
Ø This mode is used to break the password.
Ø When we start the router in this mode it bypass the startup configuration and then it will ask you
o Would you like to enter into initial configuration dialog? yes/no. n
o After pressing N you will enter into the CLI (Command Line Interface)
Ø Now you are able to configure the new value to your router.
Password recovery
1. Power on the router and press CTRL + BREAK key combination till the router will go into the rommon mode.
2. Change the configuration register value from 0x2102 to 0x2142
a. In case of 2600, 3600, 1700 command is
i. Confreg 0x2142
b. In case of 2500
i. o/r 0x2142
3. restart the router
a. in case of 2600,3600,1700 command to reset the router is
i. reset
b. in case of 2500 command to reset the router is
i. I (initialize)
4. use the copy start run
a. by using the above command copy start run we try to make the start configuration to running configuration so that other configuration remain same while breaking the password. If we does not use this step even then we are capable to break or change the password but the cannot capable to save the startup configuration.
5. Change all the required password.
6. Change the configuration register value back to 0x2102 from the 0x2142.
a. To do so we use the command as
i. Config-register 0x2102
7. Make all the changes permanently saved using the command
a. Copy run start (or)
b. Write
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